•
Emphasis on technological dimension
•
“Bottom-up” approach
•
Detailed simulation of physical/chemical
processes (flows, chemical reactions, mass/energy/momentum balances)
and/or
experimental determination of
system properties
•
Evaluation of future technologies based on their
technical potential (ΒΑΤ – Best Available Technology)
•
Experimental
determination of emissions (chassis/engine dynamometer, exhaust gas analysers, mass
balances)
•
Emission
factors (g pollutant / km) as a function
of average vehicle speed/acceleration
•
Extra
emissions per vehicle due to engine/catalyst cold start & fuel
evaporation
•
Future
evolution of basic variables (vehicle population, distance travelled per
vehicle, average driving speed) are simulated phenomenologically
•
Evaluation of
future technologies on the basis of research results & engineering
knowledge of their technical potential