نام فایل:جزوه اصول و روش تحقیق 1 و 2 جزوه 1

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 Research Methods Research Methods 1: Book: Research Methods in Applied Book: Research Research Methods Methods in Applied Applied LinguisticsLinguistics Author: Dr. H. Farhady Ch t ap ters 1 to 9 - 259 slides Slide production: Dr. H. Iravani Slide production: production: Dr. H. Iravani Iravani Shahriar Center Research Method I: Chapter Research Research Method I: Chapter Chapter 1 Chapter one: background Chapter one: background Research Methods Research Methods 1 Sources of information: 1. Sensory experience Sensory experience 2. Expert opinion Expert opinion 3 . Logic Research Methods Research Methods 1 Sensory information: Sensory information: It is relative ( ) not reliable ) It can be increased by multiple sensati d b lti l l tion ma de by multi p le peop l e It is verifiable It is verifiable verifiable Research Methods Research Methods 1 Expert opinion is Expert opinion is 1. the easiest and most available the easiest and most available source 2 . subj ti it h ld b bjective: it s hould be investi investi g py ated em ated em piricall iricall y Research Methods Research Methods 1 Ex p p ert O pinion AuthorityAuthority TraditionTradition Research Methods Research Methods 1 Logic (the first scientific approach) Logic (the first scientific scientific approach) approach) Aristotle founded deductive reasoning = nat l i ti f t tura l ax iomatic fac ts → conclusionconclusion Research Methods Research Methods 1 An example: An example: 1. All men are mortal All men are mortal (major premise) 2. Aristotle is a man (minor premise) . Aristotle is a man (minor premise) 3. Aristotle is mortal (conclusion)