نام فایل:جزوه اصول و روش تحقیق 1 و 2 جزوه 3

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 R h M th d i A li d Research M eth o d s i n Appli ed Linguistics ( 1 ) A 2-credit course in English Translation Fi ld t b ff d i 8th Fi eld; to be offere d in 8 t th semes ter. 2 Ch t ap er 1 : Bk d ac ground Introduction Knowledge : A body of facts and hypotheses th t bl t d t d h that enables one to understand phenomena and to solve problems ◙ Wh did th l Why did the early man progress sl l ow y 1 – unreliable information; metaphysical expl ti ana on 2 – difficulties in transferring the information 3 from one generation to the next (1-1) Sources of Information Chapter 1 Sources of Information Sensory Experiences Expert Opinion Logic Scientific Method 4 (1-1) S f I f ti ) Sources of Information Chapter 1 (1- 1-1) Sensory Experiences: The accumulation of information through senses from one’s personal experiences ◙ availability: good ◙ dependability: doubtful; needs verification ◙ cannot be accepted readily; multiple sensation better 5 (1-1) Sources of Information Chapter 1 (1-1-2) Expert Opinion: eg. An authority in a specifi fi ld b li f i h it d b t diti ific fi eld; or b eli e fs in herit e d by tradition ◙ better, but still subjective in nature, so not to be accepted as facts and should be subjected to empirical investigations ◙ disagreement between authorities, eg. different language teaching methods